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• Impact ForcesHere is a simple law of physics: When one object collides with another
object, energy is released. The amount of energy released in a collision is
directly related to the size, speed, density and direction of the objects. In
the case of cosmic collisions (such as an asteroid impacting Earth), an
additional factor is added to the equation because of the atmosphere. When an
asteroid plunges toward Earth at speeds of 30,000 to 75,000 miles-per-hour, the
front of the asteroid experiences a dramatically increasing level of atmospheric
pressure – much like the pressure a person would feel holding an arm out of a
car window while accelerating from 30 to 100 miles-per-hour. • Oceanic ImpactAs the awareness of an asteroid threat grows, scientists have dedicated more time to this area of study. In April 1997, at Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, New Mexico, scientists created a 3-D computer model of a comet impacting the Atlantic ocean. For this computer simulation, they chose a ½ mile-wide comet that would impact the Atlantic ocean at a 45 degree angle. (In cosmic terms, a ½ mile-wide comet is very small.) Using reference data tables and a new supercomputer from Intel, they calculated the impact would release the energy of 15 million Hiroshima-strength bombs. The study revealed very startling information. For instance, the blast could vaporize up to 1 trillion tons of water, which would form ice-crystals that would seriously damage the ozone layer and affect weather patterns for many months to come. Computer data also suggests that the resulting tidal wave would be about 300 feet high – in which case, Florida and much of the East coast of the United States, along with the coastal regions of Europe would be washed away.
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